Continuing From Your Report

Indoor air quality (IAQ) is shaped by a range of factors, many of which are invisible but can have a meaningful impact on comfort, well-being, and long-term health. Understanding these elements will help to create a home that feels more comfortable and supportive of overall well-being.

Air temperature

A measurement of how warm or cool the air feels. While it's not a pollutant, it influences comfort and can affect how other factors behave, such as humidity or condensation. A balanced temperature supports sleep, focus, and overall well-being.

Humidity

Measured as a percentage, indicates the amount of moisture present in the air. In homes, high humidity is often found in bathrooms, kitchens, or poorly ventilated areas. When levels rise above 60%, mould and dust mites thrive; when too low, the air can feel dry and irritating to skin and lungs.

Dew Point

Dew point is the temperature at which moisture in the air begins to condense. If surfaces like windows or walls reach this point, condensation can form, leading to damp patches and mould growth. It's a subtle but essential indicator of how moisture behaves indoors.

Carbon Dioxide (CO₂)

A natural gas we exhale, but when it builds up indoors, especially in bedrooms or offices with poor ventilation, it can cause drowsiness, headaches, and reduced concentration. It's a key sign that fresh air is needed.

Total Volatile Organic Compounds (TVOCs)

TVOCs are airborne chemicals released from paints, cleaning products, furniture, and synthetic materials. At elevated levels, they can irritate the eyes, lungs, and skin, and may contribute to fatigue or brain fog. Source control and ventilation are essential.

Formaldehyde

Formaldehyde commonly enters indoor environments through pressed wood furniture, cabinetry (such as MDF), tobacco, textiles treated with permanent-press or wrinkle-resistant finishes, flooring, combustion appliances, paints and varnishes, gas cooking, certain cleaning products, and air fresheners. It is a respiratory irritant and known carcinogen, and even low levels may cause headaches, asthma flare-ups, skin irritation and sleep disruption. 13

Total Suspended Particles (TSP)

A broader measure of all airborne dust and debris. High TSP levels can reduce air clarity and carry allergens or toxins.

Particulate matter (10μm, 2.5μm, 1.0μm, 0.5μm and 0.3μm)

Coarse Particles

PM10 refers to larger coarse particles, such as dust, pollen, and mould spores. These particles are commonly found in homes with pets, carpets, or open windows. While they are less penetrating than PM2.5, PM10 can still irritate the airways and exacerbate allergies.

Fine Particles

PM2.5 consists of fine particles that are less than 2.5 microns wide. These tiny particles can penetrate deep into the lungs and often originate from cooking, burning candles, or outdoor pollution. High levels of PM2.5 are associated with respiratory and cardiovascular problems, particularly in children and older adults.

Ultra Fine Particles

Particles measuring 0.3μm, 0.5μm, and 1.0μm are known as ultrafine particles. Human activities, electronics, or aerosol products typically generate them. These particles are especially concerning in bedrooms and living spaces because they can easily bypass the body's natural defences and enter the bloodstream.

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